Earth's Moon, usually known simply as the Moon, is the only moon that orbits the planet Earth. It was subject of many exploratory missions of the Tau'ri during the middle part of the 20th Century. These missions, however, were largely abandoned during in the 1970s.
The first manned moon landing occurred in July of 1969. George Hammond watched it in a hospital room at the bedside table of his father, who had his first heart attack just two days earlier. A few weeks after this, SG-1, having been sent back in time through an accident with the Stargate in 1999, used this information to prove to Hammond that they knew him in the future. (SG1: " 1969")
In 1997, David Swift, the United States Secretary of Defense, compared the status of the Stargate Program to that of the Apollo program, stating the Apollo program had been discontinued because the astronauts brought back items of little value, like moon rocks. (SG1: "The Nox")
While approaching Earth during Apophis' attempted invasion of Earth, the moon was visible upon planetary approach. (SG1: "The Serpent's Lair")
When the Trust stole the SGC's Stargate in 2004, bringing it aboard Osiris' cloaked Al'kesh, they put the ship in an orbit around the moon. While they were orbiting the moon, Earth's "point of origin" symbol could still be used to create a valid gate connection. Presumably this means that if the moon had a gate it would be reached with the same gate coordinates as Earth. (SG1: "Endgame")
In 2005, when Ba'al seeked refuge on Earth, free Jaffa took a Ha'tak vessel over the dark side of the Moon to prevent them from being seen by the unsuspected Tau'ri. (SG1: "Ex Deus Machina")