The Torment of Tantalus

"The Torment of Tantalus" is the eleventh episode of the first season of Stargate SG-1.

Plot
Daniel Jackson is watching some film footage from 1945 of scientists working on the then newly discovered Stargate, trying to get it to work. Not knowing about the effect of stellar drift on the dialing (later discovered by Samantha Carter), they should not have been able to turn it on. However, the film shows (much to Jackson's astonishment) that they managed to do so. After a man steps through the gate, the wormhole it created collapses, apparently trapping him on whatever planet he was transported to.

Jackson visits Catherine Langford, the daughter of the man in charge of the program back then. She recognizes that the man who went through the gate was Ernest Littlefield, her then fiancé. Her father had told her that Littlefield died during an explosion in the lab. Jackson brings her back with him to Stargate Command.

In a briefing, Jackson reveals that he was able to extract the chevrons that the scientists dialed from the old footage. Carter mentions that this address is not on the list found on Abydos, which is direct proof that the Goa'uld are not the builders of the Stargates. Teal'c points out that this may mean that there will be technology unknown to the Goa'uld at the address that Dr. Littlefield has traveled to, and Daniel points that they have an obligation to bring back the first man who saw the Stargate for what it was. General George S. Hammond agrees that SG-1 should go to the planet and attempt to bring Dr. Littlefield home. Catherine insists on joining the mission. SG-1 and Catherine depart.

On the other side of the wormhole, they find themselves in what appears to be something of a castle perched dangerously on outcropping rocks over a stormy sea and under a thunderous sky. Within, they find Dr. Littlefield, emaciated but alive.

Carter then discovers that the DHD is broken and hence they are stuck. While she works on a solution, Catherine has her moments with Ernest - they are cold to each other at first (as they've been through a lot) but warm up to each other later.

Jackson also talks to Ernest, who has kept a journal all these years. He takes them to a special room where a central device, when activated by Jack, projects a light-display into the air. The light-display turns out to be a representation of atoms and basic elements. On the four walls are four types of writing, and both Jackson and Ernest believe this to be some kind of meeting place for four great alien races of the past. That is when Jackson realizes that the atoms are a kind of universal language - to ensure universal comprehension the language has been reduced to basic elements common to all life. There turn out to be many pages of this 'book' and Jackson becomes obsessed with copying it down.

While Carter and Teal'c are working on the DHD, a large wave hits the cliff, triggering a rockfall that causes the DHD to fall through the floor and into the ocean below. Carter works out that a lightning strike channeled into the gate may supply enough power to allow dialing it manually, enabling them to escape while hopefully not destroying the Stargate in the process. In the meantime, the storm is becoming rough, and it looks like the castle will collapse.

Daniel's obsession with the book makes him want to stay to study it all. At the last moment, Ernest persuades Daniel to leave. Although the information held in the 'book' may be the source to understanding the very meaning of the existence of humans ("meaning-of-life stuff"), it would take more than a lifetime to study it all, as evidenced by Ernest, and there's no joy in knowing it all but having no one to share it with. Due to the obviousness of Ernest's wisdom on this matter, Jackson leaves the 'book' and they escape through the collapsing castle through the Stargate just before the wormhole destabilizes and shuts down.

Later, an attempt is made to open another wormhole to the planet and see if returning is possible. The attempt fails, presumably because the destination gate has been buried. However, Ernest remind their expedition was productive beyond rescuing him considering that they also brought back his notes, which are being worked on as they speak. Ernest tells Daniel that one day he might meet the ones who wrote the book and tell him what it means.

Goofs

 * Revealing mistakes: After the rocks have fallen down in front of the Stargate, Colonel Jack O'Neill steps on one of the rocks, revealing that it's fake (it is light as a feather).
 * Factual error 1: Jackson mentions that he can tell that the holograms of the elements are certain elements, because the number of electrons determines the element. The number of protons determines the element. The number of electrons can vary for a given element, giving a different ion. Then again he is not a physicist and may thus either not know or not care about the correct definition.
 * Factual error 2: As Ernest enters the wormhole initially, he is connected to a tether. The gate then inexplicably shuts down 'cutting' the tether. This should not have happened unless Ernest was 'in' the wormhole for more than 38 minutes, in which case he should not have rematerialized on the other side then only complete objects will materialize based on Stargate canon. However, according to Stargate canon, the active gate also has the capability to determine exactly what is going into the event horizon and is also designed to compensate for similar situations. It should also be noted that the issue regarding Stargates deleting objects that are incomplete was not raised until nearly 10 years after this episode aired, making this a retcon rather then a goof.
 * Factual error 3: Catherine mentions she is 21 years old in 1945. However, in 1928 when the gate was found Catherine is at least 10 years old if not older. That would make her at least 27 years old in 1945 or older.